| serial number | country | capital | Population (million) | Population ranking | Area (10,000 square kilometers) | Area ranking | Population density (people/km²) | Population density ranking |
| 1 | Algeria | Algiers, Algiers | 3790.0 | 8 | 238.17 | 2 | 15.91 | 40 |
| 2 | Egypt | Cairo, Cairo | 8670.0 | 3 | 100.15 | 12 | 86.57 | 16 |
| 3 | Ethiopia, Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | 9100.0 | 2 | 110.36 | 10 | 82.46 | 18 |
| 4 | Angola | Luanda | 500.0 | 35 | 124.67 | 7 | 4.01 | 50 |
| 5 | Benin | Porto-Novo | 1000.0 | 30 | 11.20 | 37 | 89.29 | 15 |
| 6 | Botswana, Botswana | Gaborone | 200.0 | 43 | 58.17 | 22 | 3.44 | 53 |
| 7 | Burkina Faso | Ouagadougou | 1740.0 | 18 | 27.40 | 29 | 63.50 | 26 |
| 8 | Burundi | Bujumbura, Bujumbura | 1050.0 | 28 | 2.78 | 44 | 377.70 | 3 |
| 9 | Equatorial Guinea | Malabo | 101.0 | 49 | 2.81 | 43 | 36.01 | 33 |
| 10 | Togo Togo |
Lomé Lomé | 700.0 | 32 | 5.68 | 40 | 123.27 | 12 |
| 11 | Eritrea, Eritrea | Asmara Asmara | 450.0 | 38 | 1.24 | 48 | 361.97 | 4 |
| 12 | Cape Verde |
Praia Praia | 50.7 | 52 | 0.40 | 50 | 125.71 | 11 |
| 13 | Gambia Gambia | Banjul Banjul |
191.0 | 44 | 1.04 | 49 | 184.01 | 8 |
| 14 | Congo | Brazzaville | 460.0 | 37 | 34.20 | 27 | 13.45 | 44 |
| 15 | D.R. Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kinshasa, Kinshasa | 7100.0 | 4 | 234.50 | 3 | 30.28 | 38 |
| 16 | Djibouti, Djibouti | Djibouti, Djibouti | 90.0 | 50 | 2.32 | 46 | 38.79 | 32 |
| 17 | Guinea, Guinea | Conakry | 1200.0 | 26 | 24.60 | 31 | 48.78 | 27 |
| 18 | Guinea-Bissau - Bissau |
Bissau |
170.0 | 45 | 3.60 | 41 | 47.22 | 29 |
| 19 | Ghana, Ghana | Accra Accra | 2640.0 | 12 | 23.85 | 33 | 110.69 | 14 |
| 20 | Gabon, Gabon | Libreville, Libreville | 170.0 | 45 | 26.77 | 30 | 6.35 | 49 |
| 21 | Zimbabwe | Harare Harare | 1306.0 | 24 | 39.00 | 26 | 33.49 | 35 |
| 22 | Cameroon | Yaoundé Yaounde |
2220.0 | 14 | 47.60 | 24 | 46.64 | 30 |
| 23 | Comoros, Comoros | Moroni Moroni |
80.0 | 51 | 0.22 | 51 | 357.78 | 5 |
| 24 | Côte d'Ivoire | Yamoussoukro Yamoussoukro |
2130.0 | 15 | 32.00 | 28 | 66.56 | 24 |
| 25 | Kenya, Kenya | Nairobi, Nairobi | 4100.0 | 7 | 58.00 | 23 | 70.69 | 20 |
| 26 | Lesotho, Lesotho | Maseru Maseru |
210.0 | 42 | 3.00 | 42 | 70.00 | 21 |
| 27 | Liberia, Liberia | Monrovia | 348.0 | 40 | 11.10 | 38 | 31.35 | 37 |
| 28 | Libya | Tripoli, Tripoli | 636.0 | 33 | 176.00 | 4 | 3.61 | 52 |
| 29 | Rwanda, Rwanda | Kigali | 1210.0 | 25 | 2.63 | 45 | 459.41 | 2 |
| 30 | Madagascar, Madagascar | Antananarivo | 2100.0 | 16 | 59.00 | 21 | 35.59 | 34 |
| 31 | Malawi, Malawi | Lilongwe | 1390.0 | 21 | 11.80 | 36 | 117.80 | 13 |
| 32 | Mali, Mali | Bamako Bamako |
1630.0 | 19 | 124.10 | 8 | 13.13 | 46 |
| 33 | Mauritius, Mauritius | Port Louis |
125.7 | 47 | 0.20 | 52 | 616.18 | 1 |
| 34 | Mauritania, Mauritania | Nouakchott | 390.0 | 39 | 103.00 | 11 | 3.79 | 51 |
| 35 | Morocco | Rabat | 3280.0 | 11 | 45.90 | 25 | 71.46 | 19 |
| 36 | Mozambique | Maputo Maputo |
2580.0 | 13 | 80.16 | 16 | 32.19 | 36 |
| 37 | Namibia, Namibia | Windhoek and Windhoek | 240.0 | 41 | 82.40 | 15 | 2.91 | 54 |
| 38 | South Africa, South Africa | Tshwane Tshwane | 5496.0 | 5 | 122.00 | 9 | 45.05 | 31 |
| 39 | South Sudan, South Sudan | Juba Juba |
826.0 | 31 | 62.00 | 20 | 13.32 | 45 |
| 40 | Niger, Niger |
Niamey | 1780.0 | 17 | 126.70 | 6 | 14.05 | 42 |
| 41 | Nigeria, Nigeria | Abuja Abuja | 19600.0 | 1 | 92.00 | 14 | 188.04 | 6 |
| 42 | Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone | Freetown Freetown | 610.0 | 34 | 7.20 | 39 | 84.72 | 17 |
| 43 | Senegal | Dakar Dakar |
1360.0 | 22 | 19.67 | 34 | 69.14 | 22 |
| 44 | Seychelles, Seychelles | Victoria Victoria |
8.5 | 54 | 0.05 | 54 | 186.65 | 7 |
| 45 | São Tomé & Príncipe | São Tomé |
16.0 | 53 | 0.10 | 53 | 159.84 | 9 |
| 46 | Eswatini Swaziland |
Mbabane Mbabane | 114.0 | 48 | 1.70 | 47 | 67.06 | 23 |
| 47 | Sudan | Khartoum Khartoum | 3420.0 | 10 | 250.58 | 1 | 13.65 | 43 |
| 48 | Somalia | Mogadishu, Mogadishu | 1008.0 | 29 | 63.80 | 18 | 15.80 | 41 |
| 49 | Tanzania, Tanzania | Dodoma |
4600.0 | 6 | 94.50 | 13 | 48.68 | 28 |
| 50 | Tunisia, Tunisia | Tunis, Tunis | 1070.0 | 27 | 16.20 | 35 | 66.05 | 25 |
| 51 | Uganda, Uganda | Kampala Kampala |
3490.0 | 9 | 24.10 | 32 | 144.81 | 10 |
| 52 | Zambia | Lusaka Lusaka |
1463.0 | 20 | 75.00 | 17 | 19.51 | 39 |
| 53 | Chad, Chad | N'Djamena | 1360.0 | 22 | 128.40 | 5 | 10.59 | 47 |
| 54 | Central Africa | Bangui Bangui | 470.0 | 36 | 62.20 | 19 | 7.56 | 48 |
Note: Tswane (also known as Pretoria) is only the administrative capital of South Africa, with Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital.
Africa (English: Africa), full name Afrika, is located in the western part of the Eastern Hemisphere, south of Europe, west of Asia, east of the Indian Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, across the equator north and south, an area of about 30.2 million square kilometers (land area), accounting for 20.4% of the world's total land area, is the world's second largest continent, but also the second most populous continent (about 1.286 billion) [1] .
The African continent extends east to Cape Hafon (51°24'E, 10°27'N), south to Cape Agulhas (20°02'E, 34°51'S), west to Cape Verde (17°33'W, 14°45'N), and north to Cap Gillan (Cape Benseca) (9°50'E, 37°21'N).
The plateau of the African continent covers a vast area, and the plateau at an altitude of 500 meters to 1000 meters accounts for more than 60% of the African area, and is known as the "plateau continent". Mountain plateaus above 2,000 altitudes account for about 5% of Africa's area. Plains below 200 metres above sea level are mostly coastal areas, less than 10 per cent of Africa's area. The average elevation of the African continent is 650 meters.
Africa is one of the birthplaces of ancient humans and civilizations in the world, with the earliest written records dating back to 4000 BC. Egypt in northern Africa is one of the birthplaces of world civilization.
Name: Afrika, abbreviated as Africa.
Location: Located in the southwest of the Eastern Hemisphere, it straddles the equator north and south, and parts of the northwest protrude into the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar to the north, and Asia to the northeast by the narrow Red Sea and the Suez Canal.
Area: about 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). It accounts for about 20.2% of the world's total land area, making it the second largest continent in the world after Asia.
Range: East to Cape Havon (51°24'E, 10°27'N), south to Cape Agulhas (20°02'E, 34°51'S), west to Cape Verde (17°33'W, 14°45'N) and north to Cap Gillan (Cape Bensika) (9°50'E, 37°21'N).
Geographical area: There are currently 53 countries in Africa. It also includes the British Indian Ocean territory, the French Southern Territory and the Western Sahara, Reunion, St. Helena, Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira and other areas. Geographically, it is customary to divide Africa into five regions: North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. North Africa usually includes Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, the Azores, Madeira. East Africa typically includes Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Seychelles. West Africa typically includes Mauritania, Western Sahara, Senegal, the Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and the Canary Islands. Central Africa usually includes Chad, Central Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Sao Tome and Principe. South Africa usually includes Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, Saint Helena, etc.
Inhabitants: More than 800 million people, accounting for 13.5% of the world's total population, ranking second only to Asia. Africa's population has one of the highest birth, mortality and growth rates of any continent in the world. The population distribution is very uneven, with about 1,000 people per square kilometre along the Nile and in the delta. Deserts such as Sahara, Namib and Karahadi and some arid steppe and semi-desert areas have less than one person per square kilometer. There are also large areas of no-man's land. Ethnicity: Africa is the most ethnically complex region in the world. Most of the peoples of Africa belong to the black race, and the rest belong to the white and yellow races.
Languages: There are about 800 African languages. It is generally divided into four major language families: Semitic, Sudanese, Bantu and Indo-European.
Religion: Most of the inhabitants of Africa practice primitive religions and Islam, and a few believe in Catholicism and Christianity.
Natural resources: Africa has a wide variety of proven mineral resources and large reserves. Rich in oil and natural gas; Iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, phosphate and other reserves are large; Gold and diamond have long been prestigious; The discovery of uranium veins has attracted worldwide attention. The reserves of many minerals are among the highest in the world. Africa has at least more than 40,000 species of plants. Forests cover 21 per cent of Africa's total area. It is rich in mahogany, ebony, rosewood, cobar tree, ebony, camphor tree, quercus tree, walnut, yellow lacquered wood, cork oak and other economic trees. Grasslands are vast, accounting for 27% of Africa's total area, ranking first among all continents. Exploitable hydropower resources are abundant. The coast is rich in sardines, tuna, mackerel, whales, etc.
Economic Summary: Industrial Africa is the continent with the lowest level of economic development in the world. Most countries are economically backward. Mining and light industry are the main sectors of African industry. The production of gold, diamond, iron, manganese, apatite, bauxite, copper, uranium, tin, oil, etc. occupies an important position in the world. Light industry is mainly based on the processing of agricultural and livestock products and textiles. The wood industry has a certain foundation, and there are many lumber mills. Heavy industry has metallurgy, machinery, metal processing, chemical and cement, marble mining, diamond grinding, rubber products and other departments. Agriculture occupies an important position in the national economies of African countries and is the backbone of the economies of most countries. Africa has a wide variety of food crops, including wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, potatoes, etc., as well as specialty cassava, plantain, dates, potato taro, edible plantain, etc. Africa's cash crops, especially tropical cash crops, occupy an important position in the world, and the production of cotton, sisal, peanuts, oil palm, cashew nuts, sesame, coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, tobacco, natural rubber, cloves, etc. is high. Frankincense, myrrh, carit, kola and alpha grass are crops endemic to Africa. Animal husbandry has developed rapidly, with a large number of livestock, but the commodity rate of livestock products is low, and the operation is extensive and backward. Fishery resources are abundant, but fishery production is still in the manual operation stage, and freshwater fisheries have developed rapidly in recent years. Africa is a relatively backward continent in the world's transportation industry, and has not yet formed a complete transportation system. Most of the transport routes extend from coastal ports to the interior, isolated from each other. Transportation is mainly by road, but also by rail and sea. The Republic of South Africa, the Maghreb and other regions are relatively developed regions in Africa. Areas such as the Sahara and Karahadi are empty areas without modern transport lines. At present, Africa has more than 1.3 million kilometers of roads and about 78,000 kilometers of railways. The navigable mileage of inland rivers is about 52,000 kilometers. The maritime industry plays an important role. The aviation industry is developing rapidly.
Geographic realm
Africa is located in the southwestern part of the Eastern Hemisphere, straddling the equator north and south, with parts of the northwest protruding into the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar to the north, and Asia to the northeast by the narrow Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The continent extends east to Cape Hafon (51°24'E, 10°27'N), south to Cape Agulas (20°02'E, 34°51'S), west to Cape Verde (17°33'W, 14°45'N) and north to Cap Gillan (Cape Bensika) (9°50'E, 37°21'N). About 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). It accounts for about 20.2% of the world's total land area, making it the second largest continent in the world after Asia.
Topography and landforms
Coastline: The total length of the mainland coastline is 30,500 kilometers. The coast is relatively straight, lacking bays and peninsulas. Africa has the smallest number of islands of any continent in the world. With the exception of Madagascar (the fourth largest island in the world), the rest are mostly small islands. The total area of the islands is about 620,000 square kilometers, accounting for less than 3% of the total area of the continent. The African continent is broad to the north and narrow to the south, in the shape of an unequal triangle. The longest north-south is about 8,000 kilometers, and the widest is about 7,500 kilometers from east to west. Africa is a plateau continent with relatively flat terrain and distinct mountain ranges limited to the northern and southern ends. The average altitude of the continent is 750 meters. The plateau at an altitude of 500~1000 meters accounts for more than 60% of the continent's area. Mountains and plateaus above 2,000 meters above sea level account for about 5% of the continent's area. Plains below 200 meters above sea level are mostly distributed along the coast. The terrain is roughly bounded by the mouth of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the northern edge of the Ethiopian plateau, with a higher southeastern half and a lower northwestern half. The southeastern half is called High Africa, mostly above 1000 meters above sea level, there are the Ethiopian Plateau (above 2000 meters above sea level, known as the "Roof of Africa"), the East African Plateau and the South African Plateau, and the Karahadi Basin on the South African Plateau. The northwestern half is called low Africa, mostly below 500 meters above sea level, and most of it is low plateaus and basins, including the upper Nile basin, Congo basin and Chad basin. Africa's higher mountains mostly stand on the coastal zone of the plateau, and the Atlas Mountains are located on the northwest coast; On the southeast coast there are the Drakens; To the east are Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro. Mount Kilimanjaro is an extinct volcano with an altitude of 5,895 meters, making it the highest peak in Africa. East Africa has the world's largest rift zone, the East African Rift Valley, the eastern branch of the rift belt from the mouth of the Shire River in the south, through Lake Malawi, north through the central East African Plateau and the central Ethiopian Plateau, through the Red Sea to the northern part of the Dead Sea, about 6400 kilometers long; The western branch of the rift belt extends from the northwest end of Lake Malawi in the south, through Lake Tanganyika, Lake Kivu, Lake Edward, Lake Albert, to the Albert Nile Valley, about 1,700 kilometers long and tens of kilometers to 300 kilometers wide, forming a series of narrow and deep valleys and lakes, of which the lake surface of Lake Asal is 156 meters below sea level, which is the lowest point on land in Africa. Africa's desert area accounts for about 1/3 of the continent's area, making it the largest desert continent. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, covering an area of 7.77 million square kilometers; To the southwest are also the Namib Desert and the Karahadi Desert. In and around the Great Rift Zone, there is a series of extinct and active volcanoes, with the tall volcanoes reaching more than 5,000 meters above sea level. There are also many tall volcanoes in central and western Africa. The Great Rift Valley is also the most frequent and intense area in Africa.
hydrology
Africa's outflow region accounts for about 68.2 per cent of the continent's area. Most of the Atlantic outflow systems are large rivers with a long history, including the Nile, Congo, Niger, Senegal, Volta, and Orange Rivers. With a total length of 6,671 kilometers, the Nile is the longest river in the world. The Congo River ranks second in the world in terms of basin area and flow after the Amazon. In addition to the Zambezi River, the Indian Ocean outflow system is mostly short and rapid, including the Zambezi River, the Limpopo River, the Juba River, the short rivers on the east coast of Africa, and the rivers on the island of Madagascar. Africa's endoflow and non-flowing areas cover an area of 9.58 million square kilometers, accounting for about 31.8% of the total area of the continent. Among them, only the Lake Chad basin is intact. The Okavango River basin and the Sahara Desert are very arid, with many intermittent rivers and dry valleys in the desert. The endorheic zone also includes the small East African Rift Valley lake zone, where rivers flow into the lake from the surrounding highlands, with abundant rainfall and dense river networks, unlike other arid endorheic zones. African lakes are concentrated in the East African plateau, with a small number scattered in inland basins. Most of the plateau lakes are fault lakes, narrow and deep, arranged in the Great Rift Valley zone in East Africa, of which Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake in the world; Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest lake in the world. Lake Tana, located on the Ethiopian plateau, is the highest lake in Africa at 1830 meters above sea level. Lake Chad is the largest lake in the inland basin and its size varies frequently.
climate
Africa is known as the "tropical continent", its climate is characterized by high temperature, little rain, dry, and the distribution of climatic zones is symmetrical in the north and south. The equator crosses the center, and the temperature generally decreases from the equator with increasing latitude. The average annual temperature of the continent above 20°C accounts for about 95% of the continent's area, more than half of which is hot all year round, and nearly half of the region has hot warm seasons and warm cool seasons. With an average annual temperature of 34.5°C, Dalore in northeastern Ethiopia has one of the highest annual average temperatures in the world. In Aziziye, south of Tripoli, the capital of Libya, the temperature reached 57.8°C on September 13, 1922, the highest temperature in Africa. Kilimanjaro is located near the equator, and due to its high altitude, the summit is covered with snow all year round. Precipitation in Africa decreases from the equator to the north and south, and the distribution of precipitation is very uneven, with almost no rain in some areas and as much as 10,000 mm per year in others. One-third of the continent receives less than 200 mm of annual precipitation. Windward slopes receive more precipitation in the southeast, along the Gulf of Guinea coast and in mountainous areas.The origin of
the name Africa is the abbreviation of "Afrika", English: Africa. There are many interesting legends about the origin of the word Africa: one legend is that a chief named Africus invaded North Africa in 2000 BC and founded a city called Afrikyah there, which was later called Afrikyah. Another legend is that "Afrikaans" was the name of a goddess revered by the Berbers living in North Africa. The goddess is a patron deity, and it is said that as early as the 1st century BC, Berbers found a statue of this goddess in a temple, a young woman wearing elephant skin. Since then, the name of the goddess "Afrikaans" has been used as the name of the African continent. Another theory is that the word Africa comes from the Latin aprica, which means "place where the sun is scorching", and compared with Greece and Rome on the northern shore of the Mediterranean, the sun in North Africa is indeed much hotter. In addition, afri is a common name among North Africans and Carthaginians, often thought to be related to the Phoenician word afar, "dust". However, in 1981 it was said that the term was derived from the Berber word ifri, meaning "cave", referring to the cavemen of the region. However, after the ancient Romans defeated the Carthaginians in three Punic wars, they continued to expand and establish the province of Afrikaans, and the meaning of the name continued to expand. Initially, the name was limited to the northern regions of the African continent. By the 2nd century AD, the Roman Empire had expanded its territory in Africa to a vast area from the Strait of Gibraltar to the entire northeastern part of Egypt, and the Romans or natives who lived there were collectively called Africans, meaning Afrikans. This area was also known as "Afrikaans" and later referred to the African continent in general. Since the Middle Ages, it has also been used in English as an affrike to refer to Africa.
North Africa main entry: North AfricaNorth
AfricaNorth
Africa
North Africa usually includes Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Madeira (part of Portugal), Spanish Morocco (part of Spain), Ceuta (part of Spain), Melilla (part of Spain), and the Canary Islands (part of Spain). Egypt, Sudan and Libya are sometimes referred to as Northeast Africa. The rest of the country is called Northwest Africa. North Africa covers an area of more than 8.2 million square kilometers and has a population of about 120 million, of which Arabs account for about 70%. The Atlas Mountains are in the northwest, part of the Sudanese steppe in the southeast, narrow plains along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts, and mostly the Sahara Desert in the rest. Many agricultural and mineral products in this region account for an important position in the world, crude oil accounts for 5% of the world's total output, phosphate accounts for 22%, cotton accounts for about 5%, gum arabic accounts for more than 80%, and other corks, olives, citrus, grapes, dates, figs, etc.
East Africa main entry: East AfricaEast
AfricaEast
Africa
East Africa usually includes Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Seychelles, Rwanda, Burundi. Sudan is also sometimes considered part of East Africa. East Africa covers an area of about 3.7 million square kilometers and has a population of about 130 million, mainly Bantu blacks, distributed in the south, followed by the Gayla and Amhara Somalis, distributed in the north. The north is the roof of Africa - the Ethiopian plateau, the south is the East African plateau, the Indian Ocean coast has narrow plains, the East African Rift Valley runs through the central and western East African plateau, the coffee produced in this area accounts for about 14% of the world's total production, sisal accounts for about 25%, and the supply of cloves accounts for more than 80% of the world's clove supply. Tea, sugar cane and cotton also play an important role in Africa.
West Africa Main Entry: West
AfricaWest
Africa
West Africa includes Mauritania, Senegal, the Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Western Sahara (region) [6], Nigeria and St. Helena (part of the United Kingdom). The area is about 6.56 million square kilometers. Blacks account for about 85% of the population, and the rest are mostly Arabs. The northern part of the area belongs to the Sahara Desert, the central part belongs to the Sudan steppe, the southern part is the Upper Guinea Plateau, and there are narrow plains along the coast. The diamonds produced in this area account for about 12% of the world's total output, bauxite accounts for more than 90% of Africa's total output, cocoa and palm kernel account for more than 50% of the world's total output, palm oil accounts for about 38%, peanuts account for about 11%, coffee and natural rubber also occupy a certain position in the world. Central Africa
main entry: Central AfricaCentral
Africa
Central Africa usually includes Chad, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sao Tome and Principe, and sometimes Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi as part of Central Africa. It has an area of more than 5.36 million square kilometers and a population of about 56 million, of which Bantu blacks account for about 80%, distributed in the south. The rest are Sudanese blacks, distributed in the north. The area is bordered by the Sahara Desert in the north, the Sudanese steppe in the middle, the Congo Basin in the south, and the Lower Guinea Plateau in the southwest. The Congo Basin covers an area of about 3.37 million square kilometers, the lowest part of which is only 200 meters above sea level in the center, and the surrounding plateaus and mountains are generally as high as more than 1,000 meters above sea level. The production of diamonds accounts for about 30% of the world's total output, manganese ore accounts for 12%, copper, cobalt, uranium, tin, radium, niobium, tantalum and other minerals are all important in the world. Palm oil, palm kernels, natural rubber, cocoa are also important.
South Africa Main Entry: South
AfricaSouth
Africa
South Africa usually includes Botswana, Namibia, Angola, the Republic of South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Comoros, Mauritius, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mayotte, Reunion, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the French Southern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Territory. The area is more than 6.61 million square kilometers, the population is about 100 million, of which 85% are black Bantu languages, 9% are Malagasy people of the Malay-Polynesian language family, and more than 5% are European Caucasians: the South African plateau is the main body of the terrain of this area, the low-lying terrain in the middle of the plateau is the Karahadi Basin, surrounded by uplifts for plateaus and mountains, the gold produced in this area accounts for about 71.83% of the world's total output, diamond, chrome ore accounts for about 28.17%, diamonds, uranium ore, copper, vanadium, lithium, beryllium, cobalt, The production of asbestos also occupies an important position in the world.
Tswane (also known as Pretoria) is only the administrative capital of South Africa, with Cape Town as the legislative capital and Bloemfontein as the judicial capital.